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Wednesday, January 21, 2026, 12:48 pm

Wednesday, January 21, 2026, 12:48 pm

Manufactured Outrage: The Erosion of Free Speech in Indian Democracy

Malayalam film L2:
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The recent controversy surrounding the Malayalam film L2: Empuraan has once again highlighted the fragile state of free speech in India. The backlash against alleged references to the 2002 Gujarat riots in the Mohanlal-starrer follows a familiar pattern—intolerance to criticism, suppression of artistic expression, and political pressure leading to self-censorship. Facing fierce opposition from BJP supporters, the filmmakers have enforced 17 cuts, including removing references to the riots and changing the antagonist’s name, originally perceived as a nod to Bajrang Dal leader Babu Bajrangi.

What shocked many was Mohanlal’s involvement in a project with such politically sensitive content, given his perceived leanings towards the BJP. Under intense scrutiny, the actor issued a public apology, with director-actor Prithviraj Sukumaran also endorsing the statement. The political slugfest that ensued saw the BJP on one side and the Congress-Left alliance in Kerala on the other, accusing the right wing of stifling free speech. However, the reality is that no political party is innocent—across the spectrum, governments have cracked down on critics and dissenters whenever it suits their interests.

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The outrage over Empuraan follows closely on the heels of legal cases filed against stand-up comedian Kunal Kamra for allegedly defaming Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde. Indian politicians, known for their thin skins, seem unwilling to tolerate even mild satire or criticism. The absence of a culture of humor in Indian politics has led to relentless attacks on satirists and comedians, who find themselves at the receiving end of legal and social media onslaughts for their remarks.

In a truly liberal democracy, all shades of opinion must be accommodated. Countries like the UK and much of Europe uphold this tradition, allowing fierce criticism of political figures without severe repercussions. However, in India, the rise of digital-era vigilantism—where online mobs dictate the boundaries of free speech—has further eroded democratic principles. Social media trolls and orchestrated outrage campaigns have turned public discourse into a battleground where dissent is punished rather than debated.

With the deepening crisis of free expression, it may be time for India’s judiciary to intervene more decisively. Frivolous lawsuits that undermine free speech must be dismissed, and the judiciary must reaffirm its commitment to protecting artistic and journalistic freedoms. Without such intervention, India risks sliding further into a culture of enforced silence, where only state-approved narratives can thrive.


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